The Anti-corruption Public Regulation

Since the mid-1990s, the concerns of international bodies about the expansion of the corrupt phenomenon have been greatly heightened. Through so-called hard law and soft law instruments, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OECD, the Organization of American States, the African Union and the European Union have intervened on numerous occasions regarding corruption, which is considered a serious threat to democratic institutions, the proper functioning of markets and citizens' regular access to public services. This has prompted a focus on administrative prevention of corruption instead of criminal repression alone.